Ilana ti ode oni kii yoo jẹ ohun ti a mọ loni laisi awọn aṣoju ti iṣẹ yii. A notary jẹ agbẹjọro kan ti o jẹri awọn iṣowo, ijẹrisi iṣotitọ ati otitọ ti awọn iwe aṣẹ ati awọn ibuwọlu. Jẹ ki a sọrọ ni alaye diẹ sii nipa itan-akọọlẹ ati aṣa ti isinmi ọjọgbọn.
Nigbati o ṣe ayẹyẹ
Ọdọọdún ni Ọjọ Notaries ṣe ayẹyẹ ni Orilẹ-ede Wa 26 April. Ni ọdun 2023, ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ wa yoo ṣe ayẹyẹ rẹ.
itan ti isinmi
Awọn farahan ti awọn oojo ti a notary ti wa ni Wọn si awọn akoko ti atijọ Rome. Ni akoko yẹn, awọn adehun ẹnu ni a gbe lọ si iwe nipasẹ awọn akọwe, awọn ni a kà si apẹrẹ ti awọn notaries ode oni.
Sibẹsibẹ, awọn akọwe ko ṣe amọja ni iyasọtọ ni awọn iwe ofin. Nitorina, iṣẹ-iṣẹ ti awọn tabellions dide - awọn eniyan ti awọn iṣẹ wọn ni nkan ṣe pẹlu awọn iwe-aṣẹ ofin nikan, eyun awọn iṣẹ ofin ati awọn iwe idajọ. Awọn iṣẹ wọn wa labẹ iṣakoso ti o muna ti ipinle - fun apẹẹrẹ, iye owo sisan fun awọn iṣẹ ti a ṣe ni a yàn nipasẹ alakoso, tabellion ko le ṣeto iye owo rẹ.
Ọrọ naa gan-an - "notariat", bakanna bi ile-iṣẹ ti orukọ kanna, tun dide ni Rome, ni imọran ti Ile-ijọsin Romu. Iyatọ yii jẹ ọjọ si opin ti XNUMXnd - ibẹrẹ ti ọdun XNUMXrd. Notaries (lati ọrọ "notta" - "ami") ṣiṣẹ ninu awọn diocese ati ki o mu kukuru ti awọn ibaraẹnisọrọ ti awọn bishops pẹlu parishioners, ati ki o tun jiya pẹlu ijo iwe isakoso. Meji tabi mẹta iru awọn alamọja ṣiṣẹsin ni tẹmpili kọọkan. Nigbamii, awọn iṣẹ ti awọn notaries gbooro si agbegbe alailesin ti igbesi aye, ati awọn aṣoju ti iṣẹ yii bẹrẹ lati pade kii ṣe ni Rome nikan, ṣugbọn tun ni Ilu Italia ati jakejado Yuroopu.
Ni Orilẹ-ede Wa, fun igba akọkọ, afọwọṣe ti notary kan ni a mẹnuba ninu awọn iwe aṣẹ ti ọgọrun ọdun XNUMX ti a rii lakoko awọn wiwa ni agbegbe Novgorod. Àwọn awalẹ̀pìtàn ti rí lẹ́tà bírch-epolo kan, èyí tí ó lè jẹ́ pé ní òde òní ni a lè pè ní notarization. Gẹ́gẹ́ bí ìwé yìí ṣe sọ, obìnrin náà fọwọ́ sí owó tí wọ́n gbà lọ́wọ́ ẹlòmíràn, akọ̀wé (ẹni tí a lè pè ní notary àkọ́kọ́ nínú ìtàn orílẹ̀-èdè Wa láìséwu) fi ìfọwọ́sí fọwọ́ sí ìwé náà.
Iṣẹ ti afọwọṣe ti notary ni Orilẹ-ede wa di iṣeto diẹ sii ati aarin ni ọgọrun ọdun XNUMX. Iwe-aṣẹ ile-ẹjọ ti a rii lakoko awọn iṣawakiri ni Pskov n sọrọ nipa iwulo lati ṣafihan ẹri kikọ lakoko awọn ijiyan ti o ni ibatan si ohun-ini. O tun ṣe apejuwe awọn ibeere fun ṣiṣe awọn ifẹnukonu. Iwe-aṣẹ aṣa aṣa Belozersky ti a ṣajọ ni ọgọrun ọdun kanna ni alaye ninu nipa awọn ipo to pe fun sisẹ iṣowo tita ati rira.
Titi di ọgọrun ọdun XNUMX, notary bi ile-iṣẹ lọtọ ko si ni Orilẹ-ede Wa. Awọn iṣẹ ti awọn alamọja wọnyi, bii ti Rome atijọ, ṣe nipasẹ awọn akọwe, nigba miiran nipasẹ awọn alufaa. Ṣugbọn tẹlẹ ni ọrundun kẹrindilogun, a ṣe agbekalẹ notary bi ẹyọkan ominira. Awọn notaries ṣiṣẹ ni kootu agbegbe kọọkan, ipinnu wọn jẹ alaga ti Iyẹwu Idajọ. Ni akoko yẹn, iṣẹ ti awọn notaries julọ ni nkan ṣe pẹlu awọn iwe ohun-ini.
After the revolution, the situation changed dramatically. The abolition of private property changed the status of the notaries for a long time – it became completely state-owned. In the period from 1917 to 1922, notaries performed only the formal functions of certifying documents. However, gradually the number of actions increased greatly. This was enshrined in a resolution that was valid until the collapse of the USSR, where all the obligations of notaries were spelled out. In 1993, this institution again became private and independent of the state.
In 2016, the notaries celebrated 150 years of its existence. In honor of the important date, a Decree of the President of the Federation was issued on the creation of an official professional holiday. According to this document, a permanent date was assigned to the Notary Day – April 26th.
However, until 2016, experts celebrated this day, but unofficially. Only now they celebrated it on April 27th. The fact is that on April 14 (according to the old style), 1866, Emperor Alexander II signed the “Regulations on the notarial part”. It is from this year that the modern notary begins. When they chose the date for the unofficial holiday – April 27 – they did not take into account the peculiarities of the translation from the old style to the new one. But they took this into account when issuing the presidential decree and chose a historically accurate day – April 26th.
Awọn aṣa isinmi
Bii ọpọlọpọ awọn isinmi ti o jọra, Ọjọ notary ni Orilẹ-ede wa ni ayẹyẹ jakejado laarin agbegbe alamọdaju. Gẹgẹbi ofin, awọn apejọ nla ati awọn ipade ti wa ni akoko lati ṣe deede pẹlu ọjọ yii, nibiti awọn ẹlẹgbẹ ko le ṣe paṣipaarọ imọ ati iriri nikan, ṣugbọn tun yọ fun ara wọn ni eto ti kii ṣe alaye.